C Notes From BU

Computer Program A computer is an electronic device capable of manipulating numbers and symbols under the control of a set of instructions known as a computer program directs the computer solve a particular problem and display results. Computer programs are written using programming languages such BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++, ALGOL and so on Purpose of Program Planning Suppose we are asked by our teacher to solve an arithmetic problem and we are not familiar with the step involved in solving that problem. In such a situation we will not be able to solve the problem. The same principle applies to the writing computer program also a programmer cannot write instructions to be followed by a computer unless the programmed known how to solve the problem manually. Suppose we know the step to be followed for solving the given problem but while solving the problem, we forget to apply some of the steps in the sequence. Obviously, we will get the wrong answer. Sim...

Flowchart Rules While programmers have a good deal of freedom in creating flowcharts, There are a number of general rules and guidelines, recommended by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), to help standardize the flowcharting process. Various computer manufactures and data processing departments usually have similar flowcharting standards. Some of these rules and guidelines are  as follow: First chart the main line of logic, then incorporate detail. Maintain a consistent level of detail for a given flowchart.  Do not chart every detail otherwise, the flowchart will only be a graphic representation, step by step, of the program. A reader, who is interested in greater detail can refer to the program itself. Words in the flowchart symbols should be common statements, which are easy to understand. It is recommended to use descriptive titles written in designer's own language, rather than in machine-oriented language. Be consistent in...

Question: What is Flowchart? Answer:   A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm. It is often used by programmers as a program-planning tool for organizing a sequence of steps necessary to solve a problem by a computer. It uses boxes of different shapes to denote different types of instructions. The actual instructions are written within these boxes using clear and concise statements. These boxes are connected by solid lines having arrow marks to indicate the flow of operation, that is, the exact sequence in which the instructions are to be executed. The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is often referred to as flowcharting. Why Use Flowcharts? Normally, an algorithm is first represented in the form of a flowchart, and the flowchart is then expressed in some programming language to prepare a computer program. The main advantage of this two-step approach in program writing is that. while drawing a flowchart, a programmer is not concerned with the ...